MNO (Mobile Network Operator) and MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) are terms used in the telecommunications industry to describe different types of companies that provide mobile communication services. They have distinct roles and relationships within the mobile ecosystem.
- Mobile Network Operator (MNO):
- An MNO is a company that owns and operates the physical infrastructure of a mobile network. This includes the cellular towers, base stations, switching centers, and other network elements required to provide wireless communication services.
- MNOs are the primary carriers that build, deploy, and maintain the cellular network infrastructure. They are responsible for managing network operations, ensuring coverage, and offering various mobile services.
- Examples of MNOs include major telecommunications companies like Verizon, AT&T, T-Mobile, and Vodafone. These companies often have a wide geographic presence and offer a range of mobile services directly to consumers and businesses.
- Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO):
- An MVNO is a company that offers mobile communication services to customers without owning the physical network infrastructure. Instead, MVNOs lease network capacity and services from existing MNOs.
- MVNOs essentially resell the connectivity provided by MNOs. They purchase wholesale access to the network’s capacity and then sell their own branded mobile services to customers.
- MVNOs have the flexibility to focus on specific niches or customer segments, and they often differentiate themselves through pricing, specialized services, or unique offerings.
- Examples of MVNOs include companies like Boost Mobile, Virgin Mobile, and Google Fi. These companies use existing network infrastructure to provide services without having to invest in building their own networks.
In summary, MNOs own and operate the physical cellular network infrastructure, while MVNOs lease network capacity from MNOs to provide mobile services to customers. MNOs are responsible for building and maintaining the network, while MVNOs focus on offering tailored services and experiences to their customers without the need for extensive infrastructure investments.